A research problem has become a problem to identify for those still determining what to investigate despite already having a topic.
When asked during the initial class meeting what their research problem is, students often reply that it is a “big problem” to them. They cannot precisely see or imagine what to focus on; hence, how to write a proposal becomes a problem.
In research, a problem is both practical and theoretical. The first is what is causing public trouble or a problem per se shared by many in a society, such as poverty, floods, illegal drugs, etc. The second is what has to be investigated to get answers. Both require solutions and are mutually reinforcing—an answer to a theoretical problem leads to identifying measures to solve a practical problem.
However, there are exemptions because not all theoretical problems are linked to social issues. A success story of a community or group can also be problematized, and a good research focus for this case would be what the influencing factors are behind it.
As a case, let me differentiate practical and theoretical problems using Siquijor’s inclusion in the recreated Negros Island Region (NIR) under Republic Act 12000. Originally including only Negros Occidental and Oriental, created by Executive Order 183 in 2015 but revoked by Executive Order 38 in 2017.
The Siquijodnons questioned the absence of a proper consultation for their inclusion in the revived region. Cultural differences are also expressed as reasons.
Some of my island friends clamored. How would Siquijor become a part of NIR when it is a separate island? The name of the new region does not also contain Siquijor. The practical problem I foresee is the wasted opportunities and resources as promised due to the lack of popular support and silent resistance.
But NIR is now an Act. Could there be a way to draw widespread support from the island residents? Making them understand by presenting both sides of having one administrative region may help. However, data are needed to feel public sentiments, which should have been done beforehand if there was proper consultation. A sample survey can generate information for designing IEC materials and strategies.
The research questions using probability samples about NIR may cover knowledge, attitudes, and actions. How aware are the Siquijodnons about the advantages and disadvantages of being part of NIR? What is their attitude towards their inclusion under the new administrative region? What courses of action would they support by certain interest groups on the island aside from acceptance?
The Siquijor State College (SSC) social science researchers as an academic community may pursue this initiative as part of their public engagement. This is also a good exercise in the conduct of a poll.
How and what to do that is responsive to popular sentiments may be derived from the poll results. Thus, the perceived problem of silent resistance to NIR is understood, and mitigations have been crafted from the voices on the ground. The end is to ensure and use its promised advantages rather than be indifferent to its implementation. Otherwise, legal means against it may be pursued, now or later.
As it is now, safety nets must be installed in writing the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) to secure the interests and welfare of Siquijodnons. If the majority are insecure or apprehensive of the advantages of their inclusion, efforts have to focus on demonstrating or effecting tangible benefits being promised.
The Siquijor case illustrates how practical and theoretical problems in research are meaningfully linked. So, what is your research problem now?
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